Scientific+Trends

After the 14th century there was a decline in science and technology. Then latest or recent research shows that the golden age of the Ottoman Empire and other Muslim empires didn’t end in the 1300s, and that it spread into the 15th and the 16th century. That had illustrated that the scientific trends extended in the Ottoman Empire, in the western region, and later on for the other Muslim empires, such as the Safavid and Mughal Empire.

The leading scientist for physical science was Taqi al-Din. Not only he was an important scientist for physical science, or physics he was also an astronomer, astrologer, mathematician, watch maker, Islamic philosopher and theologian, engineer, physician, Islamic Judge, botanist, zoologist and an inventor. He also wrote several books about physics and the most popular one was //Kitab Nūr hadaqat al-ibsār wa-nūr haqīqat al-anzār// (//Book of the Light of the Pupil of Vision and the Light of the Truth of the Sights//). The book included investigation about light's reflection, and the light's refraction. He also used astrophysics to explain the model of vision.
 * //__ Physical sciences __//**

The leading scientist for biological science was Ahi Ahmet Celibi who was the main doctor. He had worked to find out more about kidney and bladder stones and what are their causes and treatments.
 * //__ Biological Sciences __//**

As mentioned before Taqi al-Din was also an astronomer and one of the leading scientist for astronomy. Taqi al-Din was the inventor of mechanical alarm clock and a spring-driven astronomical clock. The astronomical clock, which he for his observations, was set up in the observatory. This clock was more accurate than those used before, and considered to be one of the most important inventions in astronomy in the 16th century. Another leading scientist was Ali Kuşçu. He explored the idea of a moving Earth and found evidence for the Earth's rotation through his observation on comets and concluded that the moving Earth theory is just as likely to be true as the stationary Earth theory. One other leading scientist was Takiyuddin Mehmet who had corrected tables for astronomy made by previous empires. He had also explained all of the instruments used for astronomy and why were they used.
 * //__ Astronomy __//**

One of the lead thinkers for medicine was Şerafeddin Sabuncuoğlu. He wrote many books about classifications of diseases, information on nutrition and surgery the tools used for surgery. One of the popular books is //Cerrahiyyetu'l-Haniyye// (//Imperial Surgery//).
 * //__ Medicine __//**