summary-arts+and+letters

Art __//** One of the most typical characteristics of Ottoman art from its earliest years are patterns and styles used in metalwork, ceramics, tiles, fabrics, and carpets that were made to order for the court. As a result of this practice, there developed a unique and uniform "courtly style". There was also expanding of pottery, rugs, silk and other textiles, jewelry, arms and armor, and calligraphy. The greatest contribution of the Ottoman Empire for art was architecture. The contribution was shown in the beautiful mosques that emerged in the late 1500s. In the traditional mosques various pillars were used to support the domes. Then the Ottoman Turks had started making mosques based on the Byzantine church of Santa Sophia, which had the pillars more towards the outside and the prayer hall under a big dome. Two of the famous mosques that were made during the Ottoman Empire were Suleymainiye Mosque and the Blue Mosque of Istanbul. Besides the mosque, it is also possible to find good examples of Ottoman architecture in soup kitchens, religious schools, hospitals, Turkish baths and tombs. Turks living in Central and Asia Minor have made sculptures for different reasons in the pre-Islamic time. After the acceptance of Islam, sculpture with religious quality and worship purposes were prohibited. Since there was no prohibition against description of non-religious nature, it was especially possible to realize stylized plant, animal and human sculptures in Seljuk art. They had only produced sculptural examples in tomb-stones, marking stones and bow figures of lions. The Ottoman Empire had developed a different style of court music, called the Ottoman classical music. The form was built on makamlar, which are a set of melodic systems with a matching set of rhythmic patterns called usul. For Turkish literature the main and important art forms that was used in literature was poetry and proses. In fact, Suleyman the Magnificent was a famous poet. Ottoman prose was only non-fictional, and was much less highly developed than Ottoman poetry, in part because much of it followed the rules of the originally Arabic tradition of rhymed prose. The greatest classical Ottoman poet was Muhammad Abd-ul-Baki and he was known for his style and structure of the poetry. Safavid Empire __** Art __//** Persia had discovered the blooming of arts during the rule of Shah Abbas I. A lot of the art included ceramics. Also the ceramics had imitated the Chinese and their work and they had disregarded the traditional Persian designs. Many other arts flourished under the Safavids, including architecture, book illustration, pottery, and carpet making. During the Safavid Empire the mosques were decorated with detailed blue tiles. Also the palaces were structures with unique and narrow wooden columns. Also these architectural pieces were an example of the brilliance, fragility, and color that explained and represented the Safavid Empire. Also for an addition to the glorious buildings the Safavid artisans emerged metalwork, tile decorations, and original and fragile glass vessels. The famous monuments that had shown the new Persian architecture were Sheikh Lotfallah, Hasht Behesht,and Chahar Bagh School. Instruments used in Persian classical music consist of the bowed spike-fiddle kamancheh, the goblet drum tombak, the end-blown flute ney, the frame drum daf, the long-necked lutes tar, setar, tanbur, dotar, and the dulcimer santur. Harps, "chang[s]," were a very important part of music up until the middle of the Safavid Empire. They were probably replaced because of tuning problems or replaced by the qanun (zither) and later the piano which was introduced by the West during the Safavid Dynasty of Iran. Many, if not most, of these instruments originated in Iran.
 * __Ottoman Empire __**
 * //__
 * //__ Architecture __//**
 * //__ Sculpture __//**
 * //__ Music __//**
 * //__ Literature __//**
 * __
 * //__
 * //__ Architecture  __//**
 * //__ Music __//**